VOI World/ Desk
India has begun deploying a limited number of nuclear warheads alongside delivery systems as part of a significant shift in its nuclear deterrence posture, according to a new assessment by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
The SIPRI Yearbook 2026 states that India has deployed at least 12 nuclear warheads, marking a departure from its long-standing practice of storing nuclear warheads separately from missiles and launch platforms during peacetime. The report estimates that India’s total nuclear arsenal has grown to around 190 warheads as of January 2026.
According to SIPRI, the development may indicate that India is gradually moving towards a more operationally ready deterrence framework. The institute noted that India may have begun deploying a small number of nuclear warheads aboard a nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) conducting occasional deterrence patrols.
The report highlighted the role of India’s sea-based nuclear deterrent, particularly the INS Arihant and INS Aridhaman, both of which have been operational since 2024. Analysts believe the move strengthens India’s second-strike capability, a key component of its nuclear doctrine that ensures a retaliatory response in the event of a nuclear attack.
SIPRI said India’s recent efforts to place missiles in canisters and expand sea-based deterrence patrols suggest a gradual shift towards mating some warheads with launch systems during peacetime. Historically, India’s nuclear weapons were believed to be stored separately from delivery platforms to reduce risks and maintain a posture of restrained readiness.
The report also compared regional nuclear trends, estimating that China currently has 34 deployed nuclear warheads and a total stockpile larger than India’s. Pakistan, meanwhile, was estimated to possess around 170 nuclear warheads, though SIPRI said none are believed to be deployed.
India maintains a No First Use nuclear policy and views its strategic forces primarily as a deterrent. Defence experts say any move towards greater operational readiness would be aimed at enhancing survivability and credibility rather than altering the country’s stated nuclear doctrine.
