VOI World/ Desk
Canada is preparing to overhaul its citizenship laws in a reform that could benefit thousands of Indian-origin families living abroad. The proposed change follows the passage of Bill C-3, which amends the Citizenship Act and has received royal assent, signalling that the federal government plans to move quickly, even though the law is not yet in force and an implementation date is still to be confirmed.
The reform addresses what has long been known as the “second-generation cut-off,” a provision that prevents Canadian citizens born outside the country from automatically passing citizenship to their children if those children are also born abroad. This limitation has affected many families of Indian origin who have lived, worked or raised children outside Canada. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada explained that this rule was introduced in 2009, but a 2023 ruling by the Ontario Superior Court found it unconstitutional, stating that it created unequal and unfair outcomes.
The government led by Mark Carney chose not to appeal the ruling, acknowledging that the law had unacceptable consequences for Canadians born overseas. The Canadian Immigration Lawyers Association has strongly supported Bill C-3, noting that it restores citizenship rights lost under the previous framework and reflects modern mobility patterns.
The reform also establishes a “substantial connection test,” which allows Canadians born abroad to pass on citizenship if they can demonstrate strong ties to the country. The legislation defines substantial connection as 1,095 days of cumulative presence before birth or adoption. Legal experts point out that similar rules exist in countries such as the United States and Australia.
A court has already extended the deadline for finalising administrative processes to January 2026 to allow the immigration ministry to prepare for implementation. Officials say the reform will make citizenship rules more inclusive while maintaining the integrity and value of Canadian nationality. Observers note that the changes strengthen family continuity and provide clarity for future generations born or adopted abroad.
